The world relies on a variety of energy sources. In 2018 fossil fuels, like gas, oil and coal, made up more than 81 percent energy consumed. Renewables, such as wind, solar power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account for 14 percent. Nuclear energy contributes another 5 percent. Different countries use different energy sources to balance economic needs and environmental concerns.

Energy is found in nature in many forms: sunlight, wind, waves, ocean and many more. When harnessed and transformed into more efficient forms of energy, like electricity or heat, these are known as primary sources. These sources are non-renewable resources of energy once they have been exhausted.

The environment is harmed by many fossil fuels along with other sources of energy that are not renewable. Oil mining, for instance can devastate the forest ecosystems of the planet. Hydraulic fracture (fracking) can trigger earthquakes and pollute the water. The burning of coal releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.

Fortunately, the majority of the most promising sources of energy are sustainable and renewable. Solar, wind and hydropower, for example, generate electricity without the need to dig for new sources.

Other sustainable energy sources are gaining momentum, such as the wave and tidal power. But, in order to be utilized on a large scale they must have effective distribution networks. These must be built and operate with the use of non-renewable energy. These sources aren’t able to fulfill the majority of our energy needs. However, it’s important to keep in mind that costs for renewable energy equipment have decreased significantly over the last few years, and the efficiency is rising rapidly.

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